Big Sur cannot be installed on a third-party SSD in a Macbook Air 2013

I have a Macbook Air 2013 with a broken SSD. I have a generic NVMe SSD drive of the same size (256GB) and an adapter that I installed. The SSD drive is not new, but it has been wiped of everything that was there before (under Linux with nvme format -s1 ).

When I boot the device with Option-Command-R, the Big Sur installer loads. I go into Disk Utility, select View – Show All Devices, select my SSD drive, and format it to APFS using GUID partition mapping. Then it starts doing that. It shows:

Unmounting volumes
Switching from disk02s to APFS
Create APFS container
Create new APFS container disk21
Preparing to add the APFS volume to the APFS container disk21
Create APFS volume

After about 15 seconds, the screen flashes white and the computer reboots. The drive seems to be formatted with APFS, but something is wrong with it because when I proceed with the Big Sur installation, after a while it reboots like before.

What can I do to successfully install macOS on this drive?

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